Sensors that see the farm

Cameras, LiDAR, multispectral imagers, soil probes, and environmental sensors.

Perception

Sensors turn a field into data.

Robots cannot act on a field they cannot measure. The modern agro robot carries a stack of sensors that describe position, plant health, soil state, and weather in near real time.

Imaging sensors

RGB cameras capture color and shape. Multispectral and hyperspectral cameras extend vision into infrared bands to detect plant stress before it is visible to the human eye.

Depth and ranging

LiDAR and stereo cameras build 3D point clouds of crops, rows, and obstacles. They are essential for navigation and selective picking.

Soil and environment

Soil moisture probes, pH sensors, nitrate sensors, and weather stations inform irrigation, fertilization, and spraying decisions.

A modular sensor stack: RGB, multispectral, LiDAR, soil probe.
A modular sensor stack: RGB, multispectral, LiDAR, soil probe.

Positioning

GNSS with real-time kinematic corrections provides centimeter-level positions outdoors. IMUs and visual odometry fill gaps in GNSS-denied areas such as greenhouses and orchards.

SensorWhat it measuresTypical use
RGB cameraColor, shape, textureWeed detection, fruit counting
MultispectralVisible + NIR bandsNDVI, plant health
LiDAR3D distanceObstacle detection, canopy mapping
Soil probeMoisture, nutrientsIrrigation and fertilization
GNSS RTKPositionCentimeter-level navigation
IMUAcceleration, rotationStabilization, dead reckoning